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CPP Learning:
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Quick & dirty into CPP
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CPP Friend Functions and Classes
CPP Objects and Classes
CPP Objects
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CPP pointers and the free store
CPP Understanding Pointers
CPP Using the Free Store
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CPP this Pointer
CPP Arrays and the Free Store
CPP Methods using Pointers
CPP Pointers and const Modifier
CPP Advance Pointers
CPP Class Members as pointers
CPP Dangerous Pointers Handling
CPP Object References
CPP Create and Use References
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CPP References and const Modifier
CPP Dangerous Reference Handling
CPP Overloading
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CPP Overloading Constructors
CPP Overloading operators
CPP Inheritance
CPP Access Specifiers
CPP Constructor Calling Sequence
CPP Override and Hiding Methods
CPP Aggregation and Delegation
CPP Polymorphism
CPP Polymorphism and Virtual Methods
CPP Polymorphism and Constructors
CPP Virtuality and Casting Down
CPP Polymophism and Abstract Class
CPP Polymophism and Multiple Inheritance
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CPP Objects

What Is an Object?

  • Objects are keys to understanding object-oriented technology.
  • They all have state and behavior or some action based on the state.
  • Dogs have state (name, color, breed, hungry) and behavior (barking, fetching, wagging tail).
  • Identifying the state and behavior for real-world objects is a great way to begin thinking in terms of object-oriented programming.
  • For each object that you see, ask yourself two questions:
    1. What possible states can this object be in?
    2. What possible behavior or action can this object perform?
  • You may also notice that some objects, in turn, will also contain other objects.
  • An object stores its states in member variables (fields), and exposes its behavior or action through methods.

Object benefits.

  • Bundling code into individual software objects provides a number of benefits, including:
    1. Modularity:
      The source code for an object can be written and maintained independently of the source code for other objects. Once created, an object can be easily passed around inside the system.
    2. Information-hiding:
      By interacting only with an object's methods, the details of its internal implementation remain hidden from the outside world.
    3. Code re-use:
      If an object already exists you can use that object in your program. This allows specialists to implement/test/debug complex, task-specific objects, which you can then trust to run in your own code.
    4. Plug ability and debugging ease:
      If a particular object turns out to be problematic, you can simply remove it from your application and plug in a different object as its replacement.

The main 3 Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Concepts.

  1. Encapsulation:
    • Object legislates how its data may be accessed:
      • Some data may be accessible to others, some not.
      • Data can only be modified in specified ways - easier to ensure correctness.
  2. Inheritance:
    • One class may be a special case of another:
      • Rectangle is like a square, plus a second (possibly) distinct value.
      • Colored-Rectangle is like a rectangle, plus the concept of color.
  3. Polymorphism:
    • Different objects in a tree inheritance hierarchy behave correctly whatever allocated reference type exists for the object:
      • Shape.getArea() len*wid, if Shape refer a Rectangle object
      • shape.getArea() PI*r2, if Shape refer a Circle object
    • I will explain this in more detail in later sessions.
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