HTML Element Reference

Form Elements

Formating Elements

Frame Elements

Head Elements

Image and Media Elements

List Elements

Structure Elements

Table Elements

The HTML Elements reference.

"th" - html element

This element defines a header cell in a table.
Starttag <th> is Required and endtag </th> is Optional
These elements are contained within a 'tr' element (a table row).
Browsers that support the th - element :

Element "th" example:

<table   border='1'
cellpadding='0' cellspacing='0' >
<caption>Browser Accesskey usage  </caption>
  <tr>
    <th >Browser</th>
    <th >accesskey usage</th>
    <th >Remarks</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center'  ><img src="../images/Firefox.png"
alt="" border="0"  title="Firefox"/></td>
    <td >Shift + Alt + accesskey</td>
    <td >Set the focus on the element and
execute any link (a) if exist.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center' ><img src="../images/IE.png"
alt="" border="0" title="Internet explorer" /></td>
    <td >Alt + accesskey</td>
    <td >Set the focus on the element.
Press enter to execute any link.</td>
  </tr>
</table>

Attributes:
abbr , align (deprecated), axis , bgcolor (deprecated), char , charoff , class , colspan (Initial: 1), dir , headers , height (deprecated), id , lang , rowspan (Initial: 1), scope , style , title , valign , width (deprecated)

Attribute "abbr" value(s): text

Specifies an abbreviated version of the content in a cell.

Note: The abbr attribute is not supported in HTML5

Attribute "align" value(s): depend on which element left, center, right, justify or char

Specifies the horizontal alignment of its element with respect to the surrounding context. Specifies the alignment of data and the justification of text in a cell.

You should use styles (CSS) instead.

Possible attribute, align, values for this element:

Attribute value	description
left	Left-flush data/Left-justify text. This is the default value for table data.
center	Center data/Center-justify text. This is the default value for table headers.
right	Right-flush data/Right-justify text.
justify	Double-justify text.
char	Align text around a specific character. If a user agent doesn't support character alignment, behavior in the presence of this value is unspecified.

Attribute "axis" value(s): Sequence of characters

May be used to place a cell into conceptual categories that can be considered to form axes in an n-dimensional space.

The value of this attribute is a comma-separated list of category names.

Attribute "bgcolor" value(s): color

Sets the background color for the document body or table cells.

You should use styles (CSS) instead.

Color picker:

Selected Color:

Hex:
Red:
Green:
Blue:
Hue:
Saturation:
Value:

Harmonious colors:

Attribute "char" value(s): character

Specifies a single character within a text fragment to act as an axis for alignment.

The default value for this attribute is the decimal point character for the current language as set by the lang attribute.

Attribute "charoff" value(s): length

Specifies the offset to the first occurrence of the alignment character on each line.

If a line doesn't include the alignment character, it should be horizontally shifted to end at the alignment position.

Attribute "class" value(s): A list of style class names that must be separated by white space characters.

This attribute assigns a style class name or set of style class names to an element. Any number of elements may be assigned the same class name or names.

You will find more about this in the CSS learning on this site.

Attribute "colspan" value(s): number

Specifies the number of columns spanned by the current cell. The value zero ("0") means that the cell spans all columns from the current column to the last column of the column group (COLGROUP) in which the cell is defined.

The default value of this attribute is one ("1").

Attribute "colspan" example:

<table   border='10'
cellpadding='10' cellspacing='10' >
  <tr>
    <th >Browser</th>
    <th >accesskey usage</th>
    <th colspan='2' >Remarks</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center'  ><img
src="../images/Firefox.png" alt="" border="0"
title="Firefox"/></td>
    <td ></td>
    <td colspan='2'>Shift + Alt + accesskey will set
the focus on the element and execute any link (a) if exist.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center' ><
img src="../images/IE.png" alt="" border="0"
title="Internet explorer" /></td>
    <td >Alt + accesskey</td>
    <td >Set the focus on the element.
       Press enter to execute any link.</td>
  </tr>
</table>

Attribute "dir" value(s): ltr or rtl

Specifies the base direction of directionally neutral text in an element's content and attribute values. It also specifies the directionality of tables.

Possible attribute, dir, values for this element:

Attribute value	description
ltr	Left-to-right text or table.
rtl	Right-to-left text or table.

Attribute "headers" value(s): References to ID tokens

Specifies the list of header cells that provide header information for the current data cell.

The value of this attribute is a space-separated list of cell names; those cells must be named by setting their id attribute.

Attribute "height" value(s): length

This attribute specifies the height of the rule. Supplies user agents with a recommended cell height.

You should use styles (CSS) instead. (except for the object and iframe element)

Attribute "id" value(s): unique name

This attribute assigns an identification name to an element. This name must be unique in a document

Id is often used when one wants to search for an item using javascript or vbscript.

Attribute "lang" value(s): language-code

Specifies the base language of an element's attribute values and text content.

List of some of the ISO 639-1 lang code :

Lang code	Name of Language
aa	Afar
ab	Abkhazian
af	Afrikaans
ak	Akan
sq	Albanian
am	Amharic
ar	Arabic
an	Aragonese
hy	Armenian
as	Assamese
av	Avaric
ae	Avestan
ay	Aymara
az	Azerbaijani
ba	Bashkir
bm	Bambara
be	Belarusian
bn	Bengali
bh	Bihari languages
bi	Bislama
bo	Tibetan
bs	Bosnian
br	Breton
bg	Bulgarian
my	Burmese
ca	Catalan; Valencian
cs	Czech
ch	Chamorro
ce	Chechen
zh	Chinese
cu	Church Slavic; Old Slavonic; Church Slavonic; Old Bulgarian; Old Church Slavonic
cv	Chuvash
kw	Cornish
co	Corsican
cr	Cree
cy	Welsh
cs	Czech
da	Danish
de	German
dv	Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian
nl	Dutch; Flemish
dz	Dzongkha
el	Greek, Modern (1453-)
en	English
eo	Esperanto
et	Estonian
eu	Basque
ee	Ewe
fo	Faroese
fa	Persian
fj	Fijian
fi	Finnish
fr	French
fr	French
fy	Western Frisian
ff	Fulah
ka	Georgian
de	German
gd	Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic
ga	Irish
gl	Galician
gv	Manx
el	Greek, Modern (1453-)
gn	Guarani
gu	Gujarati
ht	Haitian; Haitian Creole
ha	Hausa
he	Hebrew
hz	Herero
hi	Hindi
ho	Hiri Motu
hr	Croatian
hu	Hungarian
hy	Armenian
ig	Igbo
is	Icelandic
io	Ido
ii	Sichuan Yi; Nuosu
iu	Inuktitut
ie	Interlingue; Occidental
ia	Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)
id	Indonesian
ik	Inupiaq
is	Icelandic
it	Italian
jv	Javanese
ja	Japanese
kl	Kalaallisut; Greenlandic
kn	Kannada
ks	Kashmiri
ka	Georgian
kr	Kanuri
kk	Kazakh
km	Central Khmer
ki	Kikuyu; Gikuyu
rw	Kinyarwanda
ky	Kirghiz; Kyrgyz
kv	Komi
kg	Kongo
ko	Korean
kj	Kuanyama; Kwanyama
ku	Kurdish
lo	Lao
la	Latin
lv	Latvian
li	Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish
ln	Lingala
lt	Lithuanian
lb	Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch
lu	Luba-Katanga
lg	Ganda
mk	Macedonian
mh	Marshallese
ml	Malayalam
mi	Maori
mr	Marathi
ms	Malay
mk	Macedonian
mg	Malagasy
mt	Maltese
mn	Mongolian
mi	Maori
ms	Malay
my	Burmese
na	Nauru
nv	Navajo; Navaho
nr	Ndebele, South; South Ndebele
nd	Ndebele, North; North Ndebele
ng	Ndonga
ne	Nepali
nl	Dutch; Flemish
nn	Norwegian Nynorsk; Nynorsk, Norwegian
nb	Bokmål, Norwegian; Norwegian Bokmål
no	Norwegian
ny	Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja
oc	Occitan (post 1500)
oj	Ojibwa
or	Oriya
om	Oromo
os	Ossetian; Ossetic
pa	Panjabi; Punjabi
fa	Persian
pi	Pali
pl	Polish
pt	Portuguese
ps	Pushto; Pashto
qu	Quechua
rm	Romansh
ro	Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan
ro	Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan
rn	Rundi
ru	Russian
sg	Sango
sa	Sanskrit
si	Sinhala; Sinhalese
sk	Slovak
sk	Slovak
sl	Slovenian
se	Northern Sami
sm	Samoan
sn	Shona
sd	Sindhi
so	Somali
st	Sotho, Southern
es	Spanish; Castilian
sq	Albanian
sc	Sardinian
sr	Serbian
ss	Swati
su	Sundanese
sw	Swahili
sv	Swedish
ty	Tahitian
ta	Tamil
tt	Tatar
te	Telugu
tg	Tajik
tl	Tagalog
th	Thai
bo	Tibetan
ti	Tigrinya
to	Tonga (Tonga Islands)
tn	Tswana
ts	Tsonga
tk	Turkmen
tr	Turkish
tw	Twi
ug	Uighur; Uyghur
uk	Ukrainian
ur	Urdu
uz	Uzbek
ve	Venda
vi	Vietnamese
vo	Volapük
cy	Welsh
wa	Walloon
wo	Wolof
xh	Xhosa
yi	Yiddish
yo	Yoruba
za	Zhuang; Chuang
zh	Chinese
zu	Zulu

Attribute "rowspan" value(s): number

Specifies the number of rows spanned by the current cell. The value zero ("0") means that the cell spans all rows from the current row to the last row of the table section (THEAD, TBODY, or TFOOT) in which the cell is defined.

The default value of this attribute is one ("1").

Attribute "rowspan" example:

<table   border='1' cellpadding='0'
cellspacing='0' >
  <tr>
    <th >Browser</th>
    <th >accesskey usage</th>
    <th >Remarks</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center'  ><img src="../images/Firefox.png"
alt="" border="0"  title="Firefox"/></td>
    <td >Shift + Alt + accesskey</td>
    <td rowspan='2'>Firefox will execute any link (a) if exist,
but in IE you have to press enter after using the accesskey.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align='center' ><img src="../images/IE.png"
alt="" border="0" title="Internet explorer" /></td>
    <td >Alt + accesskey</td>

  </tr>
</table>

Attribute "scope" value(s): row, col, rowgroup or colgroup

Specifies the set of data cells for which the current header cell provides header information.

This attribute may be used in place of the headers attribute, particularly for simple tables.

When specified, this attribute must have one of the following values:

Attribute value	description
row	The current cell provides header information for the rest of the row that contains it.
col	The current cell provides header information for the rest of the column that contains it.
rowgroup	The header cell provides header information for the rest of the row group that contains it.
colgroup	The header cell provides header information for the rest of the column group that contains it.

Attribute "style" value(s): style

Specifies style sheet (CSS) information for the current element.The syntax of the value of the style attribute is determined by the default style sheet language.

You will find more about this in the CSS learning on this site.

Attribute "title" value(s): text

This attribute offers advisory information about the element for which it is set.

Attribute "title" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>title attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body >
    <h1 title="Heading 1">This is a Heading 1</h1>
    <h2 title="Heading 2">This is a Heading 2</h2>
    <h3 title="Heading 3">This is a Heading 3</h3>
    <h4 title="Heading 4">This is a Heading 4</h4>
    <h5 title="Heading 5">This is a Heading 5</h5>
    <h6 title="Heading 6">This is a Heading 6</h6>
  </body>
</html>

Attribute "valign" value(s): top, middle, bottom or baseline

Specifies the vertical position of data within a cell.

Possible attribute values for this element:

Attribute value	description
top	Cell data is flush with the top of the cell.
middle	Cell data is centered vertically within the cell. This is the default value.
bottom	Cell data is flush with the bottom of the cell.
baseline	All cells in the same row as a cell whose valign attribute has this value should have their textual data positioned so that the first text line occurs on a baseline common to all cells in the row. This constraint does not apply to subsequent text lines in these cells.

Attribute "width" value(s): length

This attribute specifies the width of the rule. The default width is 100%, i.e., the rule extends across the entire canvas. Supplies user agents with a recommended cell width.

You should use styles (CSS) instead. (except for the object and iframe element)

Events:
onclick , ondblclick , onkeydown , onkeypress , onkeyup , onmousedown , onmousemove , onmouseout , onmouseover , onmouseup

Event "onclick" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onclick event occurs when the pointing device button is clicked over an element.

Attribute "onclick" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onclick Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onclick="alert('you click on th body text')" >
      The onclick event occurs when the pointing device
      button is clicked over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "ondblclick" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The ondblclick event occurs when the pointing device button is double clicked over an element.

Attribute "ondblclick" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>ondblclick Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      ondblclick="alert('you double-click on th body text')" >
      The ondblclick event occurs when the pointing
device button is double clicked over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onkeydown" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onkeydown event occurs when a key is pressed down over an element.

Attribute "onkeydown" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onkeydown Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onkeydown="alert('you have pressed a key down')" >
      The onkeydown event occurs when a
      key is pressed down over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onkeypress" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onkeypress event occurs when a key is pressed and released over an element.

Attribute "onkeypress" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onkeypress Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onkeypress="alert('you have pressed and released a key')" >
      The onkeypress event occurs when a key is
      pressed and released over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onkeyup" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onkeyup event occurs when a key is released over an element.

Attribute "onkeyup" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onkeyup Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onkeyup="alert('A key is released over an element')" >
      The onkeyup event occurs when a key is
     released over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onmousedown" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onmousedown event occurs when the pointing device button is pressed over an element.

Attribute "onmousedown" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onmouseup Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onmouseup="alert('The mouse button is pressed down')" >
      The onmouseup event occurs when the pointing
      device button is released over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onmousemove" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onmousemove event occurs when the pointing device is moved while it is over an element.

Attribute "onmousemove" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onmousemove Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onmousemove="document.body.text='red'" >
      The onmousemove event occurs when the
      pointing device is moved while it is over an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onmouseout" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onmouseout event occurs when the pointing device is moved away from an element.

Attribute "onmouseout" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onmouseover and onmouseout Event attributes</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onmouseover="document.body.text='red'"
      onmouseout="document.body.text='black'" >
      The onmouseover event occurs when the
      pointing device is moved onto an element.<br>
      The onmouseout event occurs when the
      pointing device is moved away from an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onmouseover" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onmouseover event occurs when the pointing device is moved onto an element.

Attribute "onmouseover" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onmouseover and onmouseout Event attributes</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onmouseover="document.body.text='red'"
      onmouseout="document.body.text='black'" >
      The onmouseover event occurs when the
      pointing device is moved onto an element.<br>
      The onmouseout event occurs when the
      pointing device is moved away from an element.
  </body>
</html>

Event "onmouseup" value(s): One or more script statements each ended with a semicolon.

The onmouseup event occurs when the pointing device button is released over an element.

Attribute "onmouseup" example:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>onmouseup Event attribute</title>
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="Silver" text="Blue"
      onmouseup="alert('The mouse button is released')" >
      The onmouseup event occurs when the
      pointing device button is released over an element.
  </body>
</html>

The th element can contain the following element(s):

Elements	Description
a	The A element denotes an anchor; a hypertext link or the destination of a link.
abbr	This element allows authors to clearly indicate a sequence of characters that define an abbreviation for a word.
acronym	Indicates an acronym abbreviation.
address	ADDRESS is used to supply contact information for a web document.
applet	(deprecated) This element is used to embed Java applets.
b	This element renders the text betweeen the start and end tag in bold.
basefont	(deprecated) The BASEFONT element is used to set a default font size. #You should include the element in the header section ($'head') of the document. #You should avoid using this as It is only supported by Internet Explorer.
bdo	This element overrides the bidirectional algorithm for the enclosed text.
big	The big element is a text formatting control that increments the enclosed text by one size.
blockquote	This element is used to format the text as a block quote, which means the right and left margins are indented from the text before and after the quote.
br	Forced line break
button	This element defines a submit button, reset button, or push button.
center	(deprecated) This element defines a block whose contents are centered horizontally on visual browsers.
cite	This element is used to markup citations, such as titles of magazines or newspapers, ship names, references to other sources, and quotation attributions.
code	This element shows text that is intended to be shown in a monospaced font. #This is useful for programming code.
dfn	This element denotes the defining instance of a term. #Visual browsers typically render enclosed text as italic.
dir	(deprecated) This element was designed to be used for creating multicolumn directory lists.
div	This element offer a generic mechanism for adding structure to documents. # The <DIV> tag is used to divide a document up into artificial sections such as chapters, sections, appendix and so on.
dl	This element defines a definition list.
em	This element is used to indicate emphasis. #Browsers typically renders enclosed text in italic.
fieldset	Groups related form controls.
font	(deprecated) This element is used to change the size, color and face of the enclosed text.
form	This element defines an interactive form.
h1	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
h2	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
h3	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
h4	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
h5	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
h6	The elements H1 through H6 are used to define header levels within a document. # H1 element is the most significant header and H6 is the least significant.
hr	Draws a horizontal line.
i	This element suggests that enclosed text shall be rendered as italic text.
iframe	This element defines an inline frame for the inclusion of other HTML documents.
img	This element specifies an inline image to be drawn in the place.
input	This element defines a form control for the user to enter input.
isindex	(deprecated) Indicates that the document has an associated keyword index that can be searched.
kbd	This element denotes text to be entered by the user. #Browsers will typically render text as monospaced.
label	This element associates a label with a form control.
map	This element specifies a client-side image map that may be associated with another elements like: IMG, OBJECT, or INPUT.
menu	(deprecated) This element was designed to be used for creating multicolumn directory lists.
noframes	This element contains content that should only be rendered by the browser when frames are not displayed.
noscript	This element provides alternate content for a client-side script that was not executed.
object	This element is used to include objects such as images, audio, videos, Java applets, and Flash animations.
ol	This element defines an ordered list.
p	This element defines a paragraph of text.
pre	This element shows preformatted text as it is included, with exactly specified whitespace, blank lines and such.
q	This element is used for short, inline quotations.
s	(deprecated) Render strike-through style text.
samp	This element's purpose is to identify a sample of characters that form the output or result of some process.
script	Defines a script (javascript, vbscript ....) which may be used within a document. A script contains code which is executable.# You may also include a version number to precisely inform the browser the support you need for the script.
select	This element defines a form control for the selection of options. It is is most useful within a FORM.
small	This element suggests that the enclosed text must be rendered in a smaller font.
span	This element is a generic inline container.
strike	(deprecated) Render strike-through style text.
strong	The STRONG element gives strong emphasis to its contents. Browsers typically renders enclosed text in bold.
sub	This element is used for subscripts.
sup	This element is used for superscripts.
table	The HTML table model allows you to arrange text, images, links, forms, form fields, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells.
textarea	This element is used in forms to get multiple lines of text from the user.
tt	This element suggests that the text should be rendered as teletype or monospaced text.
u	(deprecated) This element suggests that the text should be rendered as underlined text.
ul	This element defines an unordered list.
var	This element is used to markup variables or program arguments. Browsers will typically render enclosed text as italic type.

The th element can be contained in the following element(s):

Elements	Description
table	The HTML table model allows you to arrange text, images, links, forms, form fields, other tables, etc. into rows and columns of cells.
tr	This element defines a table row.

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