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Other special CSS selectors

Special selector notations.

What about the Universal Selector

  • The * (asterisk) selector means "anything," so if you use: 
    *.myclass {color:green;}
/* which is the same as */
.myclass {color:green;}
    the style will take affect on all the element with the class='myclass' implemented in your web page.
  • You can use the * (asterisk) selector as: 
    * {color:blue;}
    in your style sheet, and all type will be blue except where you specify it to be different in other rules.
  • An interesting use of the * (asterisk) selector is as the inverse of the child selector a not-a-child selector, if you will. 
    h2 * em {font-weight:bold;}
    Here, any em tag that is at least a grandchild of the h2 tag, but not a child, is selected; it doesn't matter what the em's parent tag is.
    Example of the Universal selector:
    <html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      p * em {color:green}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
     <p>This <span><em>em element</em></span> is inside an  p element,
     but is not a
    direct child of the p element so it will be green.</p>
    <p>This <em>em element</em> is a direct child of the p
   element and will not be green.</p>
  </body>
</html>

What about the Adjacent Sibling Selector.

  • This rule, with a + (pluss) selects a element that follows a specific sibling element.
  • Sibling elements are at the same level in the markup hierarchy that is, they share the same parent element. 
    h1 + p {color: red}
    Example of the Adjacent Sibling selector: 
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      h1 + p {color: red}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
   <h1>All about siblings selectors.</h1>
   <p>There must be at least two selectors, with a + sign before the last one.</p>
   <p>The targeted selector will only be
   affected if it is a sibling to, and preceded by,
   the one before the + sign.</p>
  </body>
</html>
    Note: For Adjacent Sibling selector to work in IE a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

What about the Attribute Selectors.

  • Attribute selectors use the attributes of the element. They are primarily used in XML but have their uses in HTML too.
  • If you want the img (image) elements with a title attribute to appear with a blue, 2-pixel border around so you can express in this way: 
    img[title] {border: 2px solid blue;}
  • If you want paragraph elements with an attribute id='beta' to be written in red you can express it in this way: 
    p[id='beta'] {color: red;}
    Example of the Attribute selector: 
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      h2[title] {color: red}
      p[id='beta'] {color: green}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
   <h2 title='The red color has nothing to do with the tiltle contents'>
              This text will show in red color.</h2>
   <p id='beta'>This text will show in green color
              as the attribute id='beta'.</p>
   <p id='alpha'>This text will show in default color
              as the attribute id='alpha'.</p>
   <p >This text will show in default color as this element has no id.</p>
  </body>
</html>
    Note: For Attribute selector selector to work in IE a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

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