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CSS Pseudo Elements Selectors

What about the Pseudo-element selectors.

  • Pseudo-element selectors let you assign styles to structures that don't necessarily exist in the document.
  • Pseudo-element selectors provide the effect of extra markup elements magically appearing in your document, although you don't actually add any extra markup.

four pseudo-elements:

  • The :first-line pseudo-element


    Applies special styles to the contents of the first formatted line of an element.
    Example of the :first-line pseudo-element selector:
    <html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      p {width: 400px; text-align: center;}
      p:first-line {color: blue ; }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>This is a somewhat long HTML
      paragraph that will be broken into several
      lines. The first line will be identified
      by a fictional tag sequence. The other lines
      will be treated as ordinary lines in the
      paragraph.</p>
    <p> This is a somewhat long HTML paragraph <br/>
      that will be broken into several lines.
      The first line is fixed by a break (br) element.
      The other lines will be treated as ordinary
      lines in the paragraph.</p>
  </body>
</html>
    CSS 2.1 allows the following properties used with: first-line pseudo-element selector:
    font properties, color property, background properties, 'word-spacing', 'letter-spacing', 'text-decoration', 'vertical-align', 'text-transform' and 'line-height'.

  • The :first-letter pseudo-element


    Selects the first letter of the first line of a block, if it is not preceded by any other content (such as images or inline tables) on its line.
    Example of the :first-letter pseudo-element selector:
    <html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      p:first-letter { font-size: 3em; font-weight: normal }
      p:first-line { background-color: lightgrey; }
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>The :first-letter pseudo-element may be
    used for "initial caps" and "drop caps",
    which are common typographical effects.</p>
  </body>
</html>

  • The :before and :after pseudo-elements


    Can be used to insert generated content before and after an element's content.
    Example of :before and :after pseudo-element selectors:
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
  <head>
    <style type="text/css">
      td.age:before {content:"is "}
      td.age:after {content:" years old."}
    </style>
  </head>
  <body>
    <table border="0">
      <tr>
        <td>Ricard</td>
        <td class="age">25</td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Jack</td>
        <td class="age">31</td>
      </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>
    Note: For :before and :after to work in IE a <!DOCTYPE> must be declared.

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