Basic Javascript learning:

	What is Javascript?
	Where to write?
	Defining Variables
	Statements and Expressions
	Basic Datatypes Overview
JS Operators
	Relational & Logical operators
	Arithmetic operators
	Bitwise operators
JS program flow
	If and else statements
	Switch Statement
	While loop statements
	For loop statements
	Break and continue
	Exception handling
JS Globals
	Using Globals
	JS Global reference
JS Numbers
	Using JS numbers
	Using JS number operators
	Using JS Number objects
	JS Number reference
JS Strings
	Using JS strings
	Using JS string objects
	JS String reference
JS Booleans
	Using JS booleans
	JS Boolean reference
JS Objects
	Using JS objects
	JS object common properties
	JS Object reference
JS Arrays
	Using JS arrays
	Using JS array objects
	JS Array reference
JS RegExp
	Using JS RegExp
	JS RegExp reference
JS Functions
	Using JS functions
	JS function and variable scope
	JS function closures
	JS built-in Function object
	JS function objects
	JS object encapsulation
	JS object inheritance
	JS object polymorphism
	JS Function reference
	Object related JS operators
All Basic JS references
	JS Globals reference
	JS objects reference
	JS Function reference
	JS arrays reference
	JS numbers reference
	JS Math functions reference
	JS strings reference
	JS booleans reference
	JS Dates reference
	JS RegExp reference
	JS Errors reference

Javascript strings reference

Javascript build-in String object reference.

Create strings:

To create an object:	new String([param])
	You uses the new keyword to create an object that contains a primitive string.
To use as a function:	String([param])
	When the String object is used as a function the return will be a primitive string.
param:	The param argument is optional. If it is present it can be one of the following: Any string. A number that will be converted to a string. A date that will be converted to a string that is formated in an implementation-dependent way. A boolean that will be converted to 'true' for true and 'false' for false.
An example of using the new String(date): `<script type="text/javascript"> var s3=String(new Date()); document.write(s3+"<br>"); </script>`

General information about the object member types:

Prototype created methods, properties or constants can only be used on instances of an object or on a primitive datatype.
Constructor created methods, properties or constants can NOT be used on instances of an object or on a primitive datatype.

Prototype Methods:

Syntax:	charAt(index)
	This method returns a one-character string from index position in a string. All characters in a string has an index starting with 0 as the first character and length-1 as the last character. In some implementations you can use a different notation, string [index], to achieve the same.
Return value:	A primitive string.
index:	This is the index of the character that should be returned from a string.
An example of using the charAt() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var str1="This string has a lot of characters"; document.write("The last character of the string is: "+ str1.charAt(str1.length - 1)+"<br>"); // or document.write("The last character of the string is: "+ str1[str1.length - 1]+"<br>"); </script>`

Constructor (String) Methods:

Syntax:	String.fromCharCode(c1,c2, ...)
	Returns a string containing as many characters as the number of arguments. Each argument specifies one character of the resulting string, with the first argument specifying the first character, and so on, from left to right.
Return value:	A primitive string.
c1,c2, ... :	One or more codes that will be converted to characters.
An example of using the fromCharCode() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var s = String.fromCharCode(104, 101, 108, 108, 111); document.write(s+"<br/>"); // Creates the string "hello" </script>`

Prototype Properties:

constructor

length

Syntax:	String.prototype.constructor
	This property of the String.prototype holds the reference back to the String object.
Important note:	This is the same as the constructor property of an instantiated object

Constructor (String) Properties:

constructor

prototype

Syntax:	String.constructor
	The constructor property is a reference to the function that will be invoked to create a String object.

This site aims to provide FREE programming training and technics.

Finnesand Data as site owner gives no warranty for the correctness in the pages or source codes.

The risk of using this web-site pages or any program codes from this website is entirely at the individual user.

Search Engine Submission - AddMe

Java Basic	Java Reflection
Java Serialization	JDBC

Syntax:	charCodeAt(index)
	Returns a number representing the code point value of the character at position index in the string.
Return value:	A number or NaN if there is no character at that index position.
index:	This is the index of the character that should be convertet and returned from a string.
An example of using the charCodeAt() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var str1="This string has a lot of characters"; document.write("The last character code of the string is: "+ str1.charCodeAt(str1.length - 1)+"<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	concat([string, string, ...])
	When the concat method is called with zero or more arguments string1, string2, etc., it returns a primitive string consisting of the characters of the string followed by the characters of each of string1, string2, etc
Return value:	A primitive string.
string:	One or more strings to be concatenate with this string.
An example of using the concat() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var str1="My name is: "; document.write(str1.concat("Obama "," and I am the president!")+"<br/>"); </script>`

Syntax:	indexOf(substring) indexOf(substring, start)
	This method searches from the start to the end of a text string after the first incidence of a 'substring' and returns the index position where it is located. If the 'start' argument is given, then the operation will be the same, but the search starts in that designated position.
Return value:	A positve integer index, or -1 when the 'substring' is not found.
substring:	A string you wish to search for in the string.
start:	A positive integer posistion for the search to start.
An example of using the indexOf() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "indexOf( substring, start)" // search for the 1. space document.write(prim_str1.indexOf(" ")+ "<br>"); // search for the 2. space document.write(prim_str1.indexOf(" ",prim_str1.indexOf(" ")+1)+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	lastIndexOf(substring) lastIndexOf(substring,start)
	This method searches from the end to the start of a text string after the last incidence of a 'substring' and returns the index position where it is located. If the 'start' argument is given, then the operation will be the same, but the search starts in that designated position.
Return value:	A positve integer index, or -1 when the 'substring' is not found.
substring:	A string you wish to search for in the string.
start:	A positive integer posistion for the search to start.
An example of using the lastIndexOf() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "indexOf( substring, start)" // search for the last space document.write(prim_str1.lastIndexOf(" ")+ "<br>"); // search for the second-last place document.write(prim_str1.indexOf(" ",prim_str1.indexOf(" ")-1)+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	localeCompare(target)
	Compare one string to another, using locale-specific ordering.
Return value:	A number less than zero if the string is less then the target string, a number greater than zero if the string is greater than the target string or a 0 if the string is "equal" the target string.
target:	A string to be compared, in a locale-sensitive fashion, with string.
An example of using the localeCompare() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "textarea"; var prim_str2 = "lastIndexOf"; var prim_str3 = "textarea"; document.write(prim_str1.localeCompare(prim_str2)+ "<br>"); document.write(prim_str1.localeCompare(prim_str3)+ "<br>"); document.write(prim_str2.localeCompare(prim_str3)+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	match(regexp)
	Searches the string for one or more matches of regexp. The behavior of the method depends significantly on whether regexp has the "g" (more than one) attribute or not.
Return value:	An array containing the results of the match.
regexp:	A RegExp object that specifies the pattern to be matched. If a string is given, it will first be converted to a such object by passing it to the RegExp( ) constructor.
An example of using the match() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%' "; var sqlWords=prim_str1.match(/[^\s]*\s/g); for( var word in sqlWords) { document.write(sqlWords[word]+ "<br>"); } </script>`

Syntax:	replace(regexp, replacement)
	Searches the string for one or more matches of regexp and make an replacement with the 'replacement' string argument. The behavior of the method depends significantly on whether regexp has the "g" (more than one) attribute or not.
Return value:	A new primitive string with replacement.
regexp:	A RegExp object that specifies the pattern to be matched. If a string is given, it will first be converted to a such object by passing it to the RegExp( ) constructor.
replacement:	Specifies the replacement text, or a function that is invoked and returns the replacement text.
An example of using the replace() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var sqlWords=prim_str1.replace(/\s/g,"<br>"); document.write(sqlWords+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	search(regexp)
	Searches the string for one or more matches of regexp. The method does not do any multy matches; it ignores the g flag in the regexp.
Return value:	An index number for the position of the match or -1 if no match found.
regexp:	A RegExp object that specifies the pattern to be matched. If a string is given, it will first be converted to a such object by passing it to the RegExp( ) constructor.
An example of using the search() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var first=prim_str1.search(/\s/); document.write(prim_str1.substring(0,first)+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	slice(start, end)
	The method returns a slice of a string just like substring() and substr() methods. This method is however more flexible than the others because you can use negative values on both arguments. Negative argument values are related to the end of the string, while the positive argument values are related to the start of the string.
Return value:	A string slice that exists between the 'start' index value and up to (not including) the 'end' index value of the string.
start:	Index position for the first character in the string that should be included in the slice of the string.
end:	Index position for the last character in the string that should not be included in the slice of the string.
An example of using the slice() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var rest=prim_str1.slice(0,-28); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); var rest=(prim_str1+" ").slice(-28,-1); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	split(delimiter, limit)
	Splits the string up in strings based on the 'delimiter' argument.
Return value:	An array of string elements (may be limit by the 'limit' argument).
delimiter:	The string or regular expression (RegExp) at which the string splits.
limit:	This is an optional integer argument that specifies the limit of the returned array length.
An example of using the split() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var words=prim_str1.split(" "); for (var word in words) { document.write("<i>"+words[word]+ "</i><br>");} var words=prim_str1.split(/\s/,4); for (var word in words) { document.write("<b>"+words[word]+ "</b><br>");} </script>`

Syntax:	substr(start, length)
	The method returns substring of a string just like slice() and substring() methods. You specifies the desired substring with a character position and a length for the string.
Return value:	A substring that is retrieved from the "start" index and contains the number of characters specified by "length".
start:	The start position of the substring. A negative argument value relates to the end of the string, while a positive argument value relates to the start of the string.
length:	This argument is optional and specifies the length of the substring. If it is omitted the rest of the string is returned.
An example of using the substr() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var rest=prim_str1.substr(0,23); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); var rest=(prim_str1).substr(24); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); var rest=(prim_str1).substr(-28,28); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	substring(from, to)
	The method returns substring of a string just like slice() and substr() methods.
Return value:	A substring that exists between the 'from' index value and up to (not including) the 'to' index value of the string.
from:	Index position for the first character in the string that should be included in the substring of the string.
to:	This argument is optional and specifies the index position for the last character in the string that should not be included in the substring of the string. If it is omitted the rest of the string is returned.
An example of using the substring() : `<script type="text/javascript"> var prim_str1 = "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE First_name LIKE '%o%'"; var rest=prim_str1.substring(0,23); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); var rest=(prim_str1).substring(24); document.write(rest+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	toLocaleLowerCase()
	Convert all uppercase characters in the string to its lowercase equivalent according to the locale-specific case mappings. In most cases, this will produce the same result as toUpperCase()
Return value:	A converted string.
An example of using the toLocaleLowerCase() : `<script type="text/javascript" > var prim_str1 = "Oh so beautiful blue eyes you have."; var lowercase=prim_str1.toLocaleLowerCase() ; document.write("<i>Lowercase:</i> "+lowercase+ "<br>"); var uppercase=prim_str1.toLocaleUpperCase() ; document.write("<i>Uppercase:</i> "+uppercase+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	toLocaleUpperCase()
	Convert all lowercase characters in the string to its uppercase equivalent according to the locale-specific case mappings. In most cases, this will produce the same result as toLowerCase().
Return value:	A converted string.
An example of using the toLocaleUpperCase() : `<script type="text/javascript" > var prim_str1 = "Oh so beautiful blue eyes you have."; var lowercase=prim_str1.toLocaleLowerCase() ; document.write("<i>Lowercase:</i> "+lowercase+ "<br>"); var uppercase=prim_str1.toLocaleUpperCase() ; document.write("<i>Uppercase:</i> "+uppercase+ "<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	toString()
	Returns the string representation of the object which is a primitive string.
Return value:	The primitive string (just like valueOf() method)

Syntax:	valueOf()
	Returns the value of the object which is a primitive string.
Return value:	The primitive string

Syntax:	length
	Returns the lenght of the string in amount of characters.
Important note:	The property will be unique for an instantiated object. It is a read only property.
Return value:	A number.
An example of using the length : `<script type="text/javascript"> var str1="This string has a lot of characters"; document.write("The last character of the string is: "+ str1.charAt(str1.length - 1)+"<br>"); // or document.write("The last character of the string is: "+ str1[str1.length - 1]+"<br>"); </script>`

Syntax:	String.prototype
	The prototype property is a reference to an object that contains all build-in methods that can be used by alle instances of String-objects or primitive strings. You can apply your own methods to the String object through this prototype property.
Important note:	Is not directly available on an instantiated object.
Return value:	object
An example of using the prototype : `<script type="text/javascript"> String.prototype.toFirstUpperCase=function(){ // the 'this' operator is a reference to the current object 'this object'. var firstChar=this.valueOf().substr(0,1).toUpperCase(); var restOfChar=this.valueOf().substr(1).toLowerCase(); return firstChar+restOfChar; } var prim_str="the prototype property is a reference to an object." document.write( prim_str.toFirstUpperCase()+"<br>"); </script>`